It is widely recommended by health professionals that you introduce whole cow’s milk into your baby’s diet at 12 months of age. It doesn’t matter if they are breastfed or formula fed, but at age one they want you to start giving your child whole cow or goat milk.

Most moms I know have unquestioningly taken this advice and followed through with their health care professional’s recommendation. I, however, never understood why a one year old breastfed baby suddenly needs cow’s milk when he is already getting the best milk made specifically for him.

If you introduce cow’s milk to your toddler it must be whole milk because a growing and developing baby needs the higher fat content. In fact, up until the age of two, about 50% of your child’s caloric intake should be made up of healthy fats. However, breast milk has a higher fat content than whole cow’s milk, and just like before your  baby turned one, it fulfills all the nutrient specific needs of your child that cow’s milk does not. Cow’s milk is just a convenient source of the nutrients your child needs. You can derive calcium, protein, iron, fats and vitamin D, etc., from other sources.

Speaking of iron, I have been a vegetarian for almost 20 years. I’ve been questioned about my iron levels many times, and I’ve been tested a handful of times for iron-deficiency anemia, but it has always come back negative. Even when I was pregnant and after child birth (and all that blood loss) I wasn’t anemic. My children, thus far at age 3 and 5, do not show signs of anemia. Perhaps it is my and their unique constitution, but I believe it is in part due to the fact that my cow milk consumption has always been low. Theirs has virtually been non-existent. Milk, due to its high calcium content when drunk in large amounts, interferes with the absorption of iron and can thus put a person at risk for iron-deficiency anemia. Therefore, it is recommended that a child drink no more than 16-24 ounces per day. Tip: Don’t serve milk with a heavily protein-laden meal. Instead serve juice. Vitamin C assists in iron absorption.

In addition, too much cow’s milk may also decrease the child’s desire for other foods. The same goes for too much breast milk, (in my children’s case anyway!) but the difference is that breast milk is still giving them the right proportions of nutrients whereas cow’s milk is not.

However, if it is important to you for your child to drink cow’s milk, but they do not like it, you can try mixing it with breast milk and over time decrease the amount of breast milk until they are drinking 100% cow’s milk.

However, I always felt that the push to make our kids drink cow’s milk was more from the huge corporation that is the Milk and Dairy Association, and the funding they give to scientists who like to claim that cow’s milk is an important if not vital part of our nutritional needs, than from actual common sense: Human milk is for human babies and children, and cow’s milk is for calves. Once in awhile a member of either species might have trouble with its own species milk and be fed with the milk of another species, but even so, the nutrients of each species milk is significantly more bioavailable to its own species.

There is no need to add cow’s milk to your toddler’s diet (or the equivalent nutrients from other milks or foods) as long as your baby is nursing at least 3-4 times per day. [Source]

Below are some alternative sources of protein, calcium, fats and vitamin D. I am even including meat-based sources for my omnivore friends.

  • Good non-dairy sources of protein include meats, fish, peas & beans (chick peas, lentils, baked beans, etc.), tofu and other soy products, boiled eggs, peanut and other nut butters (if your child is not allergic).
  • Good non-dairy sources of fats include soy and safflower oils, flax seed and flax seed oil, walnuts, fish and fish oils, hemp oilcoconut oil (my additions), avocado. Adding fats to cooking and baking can work well, for example, stir fry in safflower oil or make mini-muffins with soy or rice milk, oil or butter, and eggs.
  • Calcium may be derived from many nondairy sources.
  • Vitamin D can be supplied by sunlight exposure and food sources.
  • If your child is not nursing regularly and is not allergic to cow’s milk products, but simply doesn’t like cow’s milk, you can incorporate milk into your child’s diet in other ways. Many children like cheese, whole-fat yogurt or ice cream. You can also put milk into various food products: pancakes, waffles, muffins, French toast, scrambled eggs, mashed potatoes, and baked goods. [Source]
  • In addition, regarding calcium, Kellymom found that human milk averages 200-340 mg/liter [Hamosh 1991, Riordan & Auerbach 1999], or 5.9-10.1 mg/oz calcium. 67% of this calcium is absorbed by the body [Riordan & Auerbach 1999].
    You have a choice in whether or not to introduce cow’s milk to your nursling.
    If you don’t want to, you don’t have to. Many people never drink milk. In fact, it is estimated that 75% of adults worldwide are lactose intolerant. They do say that introducing cow’s milk before the age of one is detrimental to a baby’s health due to the difficulty in digesting milk proteins. I  have this radical theory that maybe it is detrimental to introduce milk until a child self-weans, which naturally occurs between the ages of 2.5 and 7. Perhaps waiting a longer time to introduce milk will prevent lactose intolerance in one’s adulthood. Maybe our guts need more breast milk for longer in order to build a healthy resistance to foreign animal milk proteins. I have no idea if this is true or not, but I think it’s food for thought.
    *While I wrote this post specifically for breastfeeding moms, the title may have alerted some formula feeding moms wondering what’s up with the double standard. If you have fed your baby formula you also have a choice whether or not to feed your child cow’s milk. No one can force you to do anything you don’t believe in. If you have fed your baby a soy-based formula you will want to talk to your health care provider about giving your baby cow’s milk anyway. However, it is not recommended to continue with formula past one year of age (although the formula companies are starting to create products that may tell you otherwise!). For more information about introducing milk or milk alternatives, please talk with your personal health care provider.
    Some days I think I should have studied nutrition instead of psychology! I hope this post was helpful to anyone questioning the introduction of cow’s milk. As far as my theories go, what do you think? Remember, I’m not a health care professional myself so please do not take this as medical advice. I like to provide food for thought and hear your two cents too.

    Taking part in The Nourishing Gourmet’s Pennywise Platters Carnival, Food Renegade’s Fight Back Friday, Momtrends Friday Feasts, and Ann Kroeker’s Food on Friday.
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    35 Responses to “Breastfeeding Moms Don’t Have To Introduce Cow’s Milk”

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